Category Archives: Farming

Push the limits: Challenge the Norms

Pushing the Limits

Challenging the Norms

 

In life, there are times when we must stretch ourselves.  This thought came to me as I was undergoing my first of a dozen rehabilitation sessions on my recently repaired right shoulder.  I presented to my appointment with the expectation that it was going to hurt quite a bit.  I was informed by many people that the physical therapy for shoulder recovery is extremely painful.

During the appointment, the therapist evaluated my range of motion and the strength contained within my forearm.  The range of motion was very limited and the strength not great.   After an initial assessment, the therapist reviewed my surgical procedure and designed a regimen for recovery.  She proceeded to start my therapy.

Therapy began with her lifting my arm directly in front of my body.  Had it been up to me, she would have stopped at the point in which my arm reached about 6 degrees above simply hanging straight down at my side.  It was at this point that intense pain flared up at the surgery site. As I stated, I would have had her stop here, perhaps content with my lack of flexibility (though not really).  Thankfully, she continued past that point, which was simply resistance to the new range of motion.  It was necessary to gently pass my arm through this point in order to progress me to the point of full recovery.

The point is this, we sometimes need to push the limits and challenge the norms.  I see this all around us, as we look at the history of many things.  Things need to adapt or they begin to deteriorate and eventually cease to exist.  This is evident in many business and I fear that it may be the path that some forms of  agriculture are headed.  I have stated before that conventional agriculture is based upon the pillars of large chemicals and mass production.  This is based on the need to maximize production for an ever increasing population that is being served by an ever shrinking farming constituent.  The question is what is the true cost of this rapid production of food?  What are the long term effects on the land?  Is it possibly time to adapt, by returning to the practices of yesteryear?

Even as late as the 1950′s, mass production of fertilizers and chemicals was limited.  Many farms were unable to purchase these inputs due to lack of capital or lack of availability.  For many reasons that I will not discuss at this time, mass fertilizers made their way onto farms.  These bulk fertilizers replaces the previous emphasis on organic matter as fertilizers.  Farming also began a transition to what I will call confinement or captivity.  These operations began to move away from pasture based systems, replacing them with confinement in buildings.  This helped to concentrate the animals, which likely led to increases in diseases.  These animals were stressed due to crowding, malnourished due to competition for feed and immuno-compromised due to  the stress and malnourishment.  The diseases also spread more rapidly due to the lack of airflow and the close proximity of the concentrated herds.  The confinement of the animals, led to an increase in disease, which led to an increased need for antibiotics, dewormers and vaccinations.

I find it interesting that there are more and more farmers looking into sustainable methods of farming.  These methods are a return to the ways of old, yet feature a lot of science behind their practices.  mow that confinement farming has been the norm for many years, I feel that it is time to challenge the norms.  We need to return to pasture based management systems.  These systems spread the manure and limit disease by allowing greater airflow, UV light exposure, and he spreading of animal waste.  The waste (manure and urine) serve to replenish the soil by placing organic matter throughout the field.  It is important to note that too many animals in too small of a space is a great concern as well.  This scenario will lead to bare ground, concentration of waste and erosion.

Joel Salatin gives a tour of Polyface Farm. He...

Joel Salatin with an Eggmobile. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

 

 

I believe that we should look at using the land, yet being stewards of the land.  (Click Here for one of our articles)  I have been reading a lot about sustainable agriculture practices over the past few months.  Joel Salatin is a big proponent of emulating nature on his Polyface farms.  He observes that birds tend to follow ruminant herds across the plains.  The birds sift through the manure that is left behind and they eat the bugs that tend to follow the large herds.  Salatin mimics this system by following his rotationally grazing cattle with his portable egg mobile.

 

 

I was in a discussion with my life coach just yesterday about this very topic.  I will paraphrase what he said:

Local Foods Fair Poster

Local Foods Fair Poster (Photo credit: Mann Library)

“The great people are the ones who life on the edges and challenge the norms.”  He said this in reference to our conversation about alternative, sustainable farming practices.  We were discussing the local food movement that is going on in California.  It is a huge movement to eat local, and particularly organic.   This may be the one instance that I feel it is good for the rest of us to follow the lead of California.

In closing, I want to encourage farmers to look toward sustainable practices.  These practices are possible to utilize an yet, they allow for an income as well.  By being sustainable, we are able to both use the land to our benefit for production AND preserve it at the same time.  We should be grateful stewards of the land.

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Seeing Signs of Spring

SEEING THE SIGNS OF SPRING

Much to our delight, it appears the spring if finally upon us.  We have been slowly seeing the signs of Spring for the past few weeks, but things have really turned in the last few days.  We have noted the following signs of Spring:

    • 70 degree temperatures
    • Moderate winds
    • Thunderstorms
    • The fields are beginning to turn bright green as they spring forth with life

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    • Farmers are in their fields plowing and disking.  I have even had some tell me that they have all of their oats in already.
    • The daffodils exhibit 4 to 6 inches of leave growth with the appearance of their yellow blossoms in the warmer spots.

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  • We planted peas!
  • We tilled the garden.
  • People are wearing these strange clothes:  SHORTS!
  • Groundhogs have been sighted along our country roads
  • The birds are singing and building their nests.
  • The garlic that we planted in the fall

It is a great feeling to move from season to season.  With these season changes, there are many things to do on the farm.  We will likely cover these in an additional post.   For the moment, we are glad that the signs of spring are all around us.

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The Importance of Water for Animals

The Importance of Water for Animals

Brick Barn

Brick Barn (Photo Credit: Cindy)

With the continued drought-like conditions around the United States, how are the animals being affected?  What is the true importance of water for animals, both in the wild and those that have been domesticated?

Water is essential for many, many reasons.  It has been said that a person or animal can potentially live for weeks without food, but only days without water.  That should stress the importance of water.  I will try to talk about the importance of water for plants in another post, but this post will focus upon the importance of water for animals.

English: Indifferent cows Two cow having had a...

(Photo credit: Wikipedia)

I will admit that I noted this first hand one Sunday afternoon by mistake.  We left on a Friday to go camping.  On that Friday, I was repairing the upper floor of the barn, patching some holes and weak spots in the floor.  I was sweeping the area and noted an updraft from one of the “trap doors” that are on our floor.  These “trapdoors” serve the purpose of pitching hay or straw down to the lower level.  I proceeded to go around to the South side of the lower portion of the barn and closed the sliding doors.  This eliminated the up draft.  It actually created a downdraft, pulling the dust and chaff down the hole rather than blowing it up and into my face.

So, we left for the campground, returning for a brief period of time the next day on our way to a birthday party.  On both occasions, I meant to go open up the barn so that the cows could get to the waterers, yet I forgot in the rush to get to our next destination.  When we returned home on Sunday afternoon, the cows were in the field bellowing.  Each cow appeared to be “sunken in” and emaciated.  They even appeared to stagger as they made their way to the barn.  I opened the barn doors to a virtual stampede of cattle beating a path to the waterer.  The two cows that are more dominant, pushed their way to the openings in the head catches to drink from the water source.  Keep in mind that at this point, the cattle were still rather skittish when it comes to contact with people.  The two cows gulped and gulped until the waterer was empty and unable to refill fast enough for them to get satisfied.  The third cow, being less dominant in the herd, was even trying to puch her way to the water source.  Witnessing this, I proceeded to grab a 5 gallon bucket and fill it with water from the garden hose.  I hauled three full buckets to the barn for the third cow to drink.  She drank readily, ignoring the fact that I was right at her head holding the bucket.  The three cows likely drank 20 gallons each before heading back out of the barn.  I watched as their sides literally expanded to the point of protuding out like a finished steer.

English: Thirsty work for cows A hot morning a...

English: Thirsty work for cows A hot morning and the cattle are trying to get as much shade and water as they can. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

So what I learned, was a reinforcement of what we all inherently know:  Water is a vital part of life.  It has been said that a human can go for 2 or 3 weeks with no food, yet can only go 3-4 days without water.  According to Oklahoma State University, water constitutes 60 to 70 percent of the body of livestock. Water is necessary for maintaining body fluids.  Water is contained both within the cells of the body (intracellular) and outside of the body’s cells (extracellular fluid).  The body uses water for many functions, including: thermoregulation, digestion, ion balance, waste elimination (including toxins), nutrient digestion and nutrient transport among many other functions.

Water intake comes in the form of drinking and eating.  Water is lost via several body processes.  These include respirations, urine, feces, sweating, saliva and evaporation.  The rate that water is lost is determined by ambient air temperature, activity, and body homeostasis.

In general, an animal needs to drink roughly 6-8% (double check that number at some point) of its body weight in water.  For instance, a 1200 pound cow will need to drink about 96 pounds of water.  This is equivalent to 12 gallons of water.  The lack of an adequate amount of water will result in decreases in production and ultimately in declining health.

It is also vital to provide your animals with fresh water.  Many heated water sources that feed barns and paddocks can get clogged with hay.  This hay eventually breaks down and biodegrades in the waterer.  It ends up creating a foul, black type of mold or scum that is not beneficial for animals. and may be toxic and detrimental.  Of course, natural water sources can include chemical run off, which may be problematic.  These chemicals include fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides.

In closing, water is essential for many of the body’s processes.  Without access to unlimited fresh water, animals can decline in overall health.  They also will decline in production as a result.  Though it may seem a burden at times, carrying that fresh water to the various animals is one of the most important chores that a farmer can perform.  It is also important to ensure that all waterers are operating properly, reducing the chances of water freezing over.  Hopefully, this begins to shed a bit of light into the importance of water for animals.

 

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Incubating Eggs

 

Incubating Eggs

We just begun our first round of incubating eggs for the 2013 year.  It is a fun experience, that is rewarding as the peeps hatch.  We will hopefully update the ongoing saga as it continues.  Here are some basics and guidelines. along with some pictures to show you what we are doing.

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Basic Equipment:

There are many commercial incubators available for a reasonable price.  We purchased the hoverbator, incubator for $20 from a friend.  This current batch is going to our third hatch.  Most of our current laying birds are from one of our hatches.  I recently saw a brand new incubator on craigslist for $50.

We purchased a rooster in the Fall, for the purpose of naturally inseminating our females to get fertilized hatching eggs.  One of the key things to hatching eggs is to gather them before they experience an extreme temperature. Being that this is January in the Midwest region of the United States of America, the outdoor temperatures are very cold.  It is a challenge to keep the eggs from freezing in the nest boxes.  Fertilized chicken eggs can also be purchase, either locally or via the internet.  Water is necessary to achieve ideal humidity levels within the incubator.  A pencil is recommended to keep track of egg rotation.   It is necessary to rotate the eggs every 12 hours.  Finally the thermometer can be a simple one.  Most commercial incubators come with an easy to read one.  I purchased a very inexpensive one that is digital and includes humidity levels.

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Once the eggs are gathered, they can be kept at room temperature for several days.  We keep our with the narrow end pointed down in an egg carton.  This allows us to collect enough eggs to fill the incubator.  I am not certain how long the eggs can sit at room temperature, but I know that we have kept them for seven days and still experienced a successful hatch.

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The Three keys to Incubating Eggs

There are three keys to incubating eggs for a successful hatch.  The first of these is time.  It takes 21 days for the eggs to fully incubate and hatch.  Temperature is the second key to successfully incubating eggs.  The ideal temperature is 99.5 degrees Fahrenheit.  The third, and final factor, is humidity.  The eggs should be incubated at a 50% humidity level.  I typically keep the water compartment of the incubator full to achieve an ideal humidity.  The humidity level is determined by the surface area of the water, not the total amount.  Some resources recommend increasing the humidity level to 70% for the final 3 or 4 days.  I have never done this, yet have been successful in incubating eggs for a successful hatch.

There will be more articles to follow as the process unfolds.

 

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Starting with Animals (Start with Chickens)

Start with Chickens

So where should a family start when thinking in terms of self-sufficiency?  May we suggest that you start with chickens?  Why chickens?  There are many reasons  that chickens are a great place to start.

A chicken. I'm not sure what breed.

A chicken (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

1)  Chickens do not require a lot of space.  A small outbuilding can be easily modified in order to accommodate chickens.

2)  Chickens are not too costly to purchase.  A laying hen can often be purchased for $5 per bird in our area.  This compares to a bred heifer, which would cost somewhere between $1200 and $1500.  Sheep and Goats generally cost $300 to $500 and up.

3)  Chickens are relatively self-sufficient.  Basic needs should be met.  Basic Equipment for chickens includes food, water, and shelter. They are easily amenable for free ranging.

4)  Chickens are fun to watch.  We enjoy watching our girls roam around scratching and looking for food.

5)  Chickens are omnivores, so they will eat about anything.  We feed everything from garden plants to table scraps.  Some people have even referred to chickens as pigs with wings.

6)  Chickens provide an ongoing source of food.  Our birds lay approximately one egg every other day.  Some lay more often and some lay less often.  Once the chicken is done laying, they can be “put in to the pot.”

7)  Chickens are easy to raise.

8)  Chickens are relatively safe for kids to be around.  The more you interact with your birds, the more tame they become. (Of course watch out if the rooster turns on you, that is a good indication that it is time for him to go into the pot)

Chickens

Chickens (Photo credit: Allie’s.Dad)

So what breed should I get?

The answer to this varies from farmer to farmer and location to location.  The most common breeds that are found on homesteads are Rhode Island Reds, Black Astralorps, and New Hampshire Red.  We are excited to know that there is a growing increase in the interest of raising heritage breeds.

There are many things to consider when choosing a breed.  Of course you can choose to get several breed to compare and then select you favorite.  The first step in the decision process is to decide what your intended use is.  Do you want a meat breed, an egg laying breed, or a dual purpose breed?  Do you want one that lays brown eggs, white eggs, green eggs, or blue eggs (yes there are chickens that lay green eggs, although we have yet to find the matching pig to produce green ham….you know green eggs and ham?).  Do you want a chicken that is particularly calm (temperment).  Do you want a chicken that is broody (likely to hatch its own eggs and rear its young)?  Do you want a cold tolerant or heat tolerate bird due to your local climate?   These are all things to consider when selecting a breed.  An interesting website is www.mypetchicken.com.  There is a breed selector location on the website.  This is where we selected our heritage, dual purpose, calm temperment, broody, brown egg laying breed…also know as the Delaware chicken.

A Delaware hen.

A Delaware hen. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

We also have a few Aracuanas, just to get those famous green eggs every once in a while.

 

So if not obvious by now, this is an easy place to start as far as animals go.  I will cover crops/ gardening suggestions at a later time.

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Intensive Grazing

Intensive Grazing

 

We plan to raise our animals in order to achieve the best end product. One of the ways to do this is to use what God normally provides to the animals in their natural setting.

 

Pastures ~ HFF ~ Happy Fence Friday

Pastures ~ HFF ~ Happy Fence Friday (Photo credit: Chickens in the Trees (vns2009))

The main method that we are focusing on is pastured-based management.  In order to achieve this, we will utilize the pasture most effectively, which we believe is through intensive grazing. We have not officially launched our intensive grazing strategy, as we have more land than animals at the moment, but we have plans to begin once the animal to acre ratio is reached.
Our first step in this process is to upgrade the current pasture and the available forages. The saying that you are what you eat applies to:
1) Those of us eating the final product
2) The animals that are eating the plants and thus producing the final product
3) The plants.

 

So what is the basis of this system? The answer is the soil. The soil is perhaps the most important aspect of any operation as better soil equals better plant production (whether talking about hay, corn, soybeans, or simply pasture/ forages).  We are trying to implement organic, or natural, methods to our farming operation.  This is what we feel is the best method for the soil and for what we would like to accomplish.

 

Soil profile 236x288 38.76 KB. Units are inches.

Soil profile 236×288 38.76 KB. Units are inches. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

 

The soils is an intricate ecosystem made up of living, non-living and other materials.  The plants use the soil to convert sunlight (photosynthesis) and the soil nutrients into plant growth.  This plant growth is ultimately what feed either us directly or the animals that we eventually either consume or collect a byproduct (think milk and eggs).  The soil also has a substructure to it, which allows for water movement, air, and nutrient uptake.  
So our first step is going to need to be to test the soil and try to build the nutrients that are contained in the soil.  This may be the focus of this blog for a small amount of time. We will talk about the process and provide as many details as we can.

 

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Filed under Cattle, Farming, Foraging, grass fed beef

Small scale farming and Homesteading

One of the things that we strive to different is to make small scale farming profitable and practical.  The chance to raise crops and animals on a small plot of land provides many challenges as well as many opportunities.
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The biggest challenge is the economy of scale.   A tractor is a main piece of equipment in most farms, but the smaller the acreage, the more that tractor costs on a per acre basis.  This means that each acre of land needs to be more profitable just to break even.  Smaller pieces of land limit the number of animals that can graze a particular pasture.  For people interested in small scale farming and raising grass fed beef, this means that intensive grazing must be utilized.  It also means that the pasture and forage must be optimized to grow as much as possible on every square foot that is available for grazing.
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There are many people that have started small scale farming.  Many focus on a niche market or a selective crop that can be raised.  Niche markets come in many different forms.  There is an increasing demand for buying from local farms.  This gives the consumer confidence in the freshness of their products, as well as the satisfaction of knowing that they are supporting a local, small scale farm.  This trend has led to the re-emergence of farm markets across the United States.  We certainly hope that this trend continues as the relationship benefits both the farmer and the consumer.

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Delaware Chickens

 Delaware Chickens

Delaware chickens are a heritage breed that is listed among the threatened status on the American Livestock Breed Conservancy website.  The Delaware chicken is a dual purpose breed that lays brown eggs.  Being dual purpose, means that they are also good meat producing chickens.  Delaware chickens will grow at a moderate to good rate, yet not quite as fast as the commercial meat breeds of chickens.  The mature males weigh around 8 pounds, while the females reach a mature weight nearing 6 pounds.

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Delaware chickens have mainly white feathers, with black accents.  These black accents are generally referred to as barring.  The barring is mainly located around the neck of the males and females.  The males feature long black and white tail feathers and a predominant red comb and wattle.
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 The skin on their legs are yellow.

Their bodies are long and broad.  The legs of Delaware chickens are very large and muscular.  Perhaps this makes them a hit with children who like to eat drumsticks.
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 As a general rule, Delaware peeps are quick to grow feathers.  The Delaware breed tends to be cold tolerant.  They are somewhat active birds, that seem to stay rather docile.

For more about the Delaware chicken breed, please click on the link below.

American Livestock Breeds Conservancy: Delaware Chicken.

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Timed Cattle Breeding Protocols

Timed Cattle Breeding Protocols

Timed cattle breeding protocols are likely as varied as the types of farms that employ them.  The timed cattle breed protocols are based upon the bovine reproductive cycle.  As a general rule, the bovine heat cycle repeats every 21 days, however there are follicular waves occurring about every 7 days (3 waves per heat cycle).

Section of the ovary. (#5 through #9 represent...

Section of the ovary. (#5 through #9 represent stages of folliculogenesis) (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

The basics of what occur in the heat cycle are as follows:  A follicle (egg) grows large enough to mature and be a dominant follicle.  Once this follicle grows large enough, it is ovulated.  Once the follicle is ovulated, a depression is present in the ovary from the site that the follicle ovulated.  This ovulation depression begins to fill with blood, becoming a corpus hemorragicum (CH).  After 5 days, this CH becomes a functional corpus luteum (CL).  This CL begins to produce progesterone, which is what ultimately maintains the pregnancy.  During this time period, there are follicular waves that occur.  These follicles do not become dominant, nor do they ovulate in the presence of progesterone.  At around day 17, the CL is given a signal to regress.  This signal is Prostaglandin F2 alpha.  If the cow is pregnant, there is a negative feedback mechanism in place that suppresses the Prostaglandin F2 Alpha.

The manipulation of the bovine reproductive cycle is accomplished using two synthetic hormones: Prostaglandin F2 Alpha (Lutalyse) and Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH/Cystorelin).  Prostaglandin is given to a cow between day 5 and day 17 after ovulation. The prostaglandin is only effective in causing a functional CL to regress.  Once the CL regresses, the follicular wave is allowed to continue and another dominant follicle develops.  This is one of the primary ways to manipulate the bovine reproductive cycle.

Many farms will use Lutalyse (the prostaglandin) to set up their timed AI protocols.  Other farms will utilize the prostaglandin and then breed on signs of heat.  There are multiple signs of heat in cattle. These include jumping other cows, standing to be ridden, increased movement (which can be tracked with a cattle pedometer), vulvar discharge (Starting with bloody discharge and then becoming clear), bellowing and bawling.
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Typically a cow will show signs of heat 60 hours after being administered Lutalyse (prostaglandin).  Cattle can also be adminstered GnRH in order to encourage the development and ovulation of a dominant follicle.

OV-SYNCH

One of the more common cattle breeding protocols is known as Ov-Synch.  This protocol features two shots of GnRH and one injection of Lutalyse.  The GnRH is given on day 0.  Then the Lytalyse is administered 7 days later to regress the CL that should be present.  In the Ov-synch protocol, a GnRH injection is given 48 hours after the Lutalyse with AI occurring 18 hours later.

CO-SYNCH

The co-synch protocol is essentially the same as Ov-synch, but with the second GnRH injection and AI occurring simultaneously.  This GnRH and AI is performed either 48 hours or 60 hours following the Lutalyse injection.

PRE-SYNCH

This is a protocol that is designed to be given prior to the ov-synch or co-synch protocol.  The reason for this is that a certain percentage of cows will not be a good point in their cycle to respond to the Ov-synch protocol alone.  This presynch protocol, ensures that more cows are responsive to the hormone manipulations.  This protocol begins with simply a lutalyse injection.  This injection will bring 12 out of every 21 cows into heat.  A second Lutalyse injection is then given 14 days later.  This essentially synchronizes every cow in the herd.  The ov-synch protocol is then started 12 to 14 days following the second Lutalyse injection.

CIDR SYNCH

This protocols uses an intrauterine progesterone implant known as a CIDR.  In this protocol, the CIDR is used to simulate a functional CL.    It is optional to give a GnRH injection on the day of CIDR implant.  Once the CIDR is implanted, it remains in place for 7 days.  The CIDR is removed and a lutalyse injection is administered at the same time.  At this point, the cow can be Artificially Inseminated 48 to 60 hours later.  An alternative to this is to monitor the cow for heat and breed accordingly.

There are many other protocols that have been developed over time.  Some of these protocols are based solely upon the use of lutalyse.  As you can see from the pre-Synch protocol, lutalyse given every 14 days will tend to synchronize the cows.  The problem with this type of system is that you tend to be dependent on heat detection for AI.

The reasons to use a timed cattle breeding protocol are many.  Perhaps we will cover this in a later post.

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Population Shift: Can the Urban Masses be fed by the Rural Few

Population Shift

Can the Urban Masses be fed by the Rural Few?

The population of the earth is being drawn together more and more into urban and suburban areas.  As this population shift occurs, the once fertile lands are slowly engulfed by blacktop and houses.  While this posting is not meant to be a rant against the urban sprawl, it is meant to be an analysis of a situation that is rarely discussed in the mainstream: The increasing demand and need for food from those who are incapable of producing it for themselves.    It seems that the “American Dream” has become a quest for education, followed by a job with a good company.  This typically does not mean, “get into farming for your future!”

Here is a chart that I made based upon the US censuses for the past 60 years

Year of Census            Total Population           Rural Percentage                Urban Percentage

2010                                 308,745,539                             16%                                            84%

2000                                 285,230,516                            20.8%                                       79.2%

1990                                 248,709, 873                            22%                                           78%

1980                                 226,545,805                            26.3%                                       73.7%

1970                                 203,302,031                             26.5%                                       73.5%

1960                                 179,323,175                              30.1 %                                         69.9%

1950                                 150,697,361                               41%                                             59%

1940                                  132,164,569                              43.5%                                        56.5%

1930                                  122,775,046                             43.8%                                        56.2%

1920                                  106,021,537                            48.8%                                           51.2%

1910                                  92,228,496                              54.3%                                           45.7%

1900                                  76,212,168                               60.3%                                           39.7%

The rural versus urban population in bar graph form here.  For another demographic stat page, click here.

Another article that I recently read stated that the Rural Population of the United States is currently at its lowest level in history being equal to about 16%.  The rural population made up 72% of the population as a whole in 1910.  In 2010, 51% of the American population resided in the suburban areas, while 33% were in truly urban areas.  This population shift away from the country and to the city is evident.

 

So, I go back to my original concern: Can the Urban Masses be fed by the Rural Few?  Is this population trend to the cities as sustainable one?  At what point are the farmers able to feed the masses here in this country, let alone hold their place among the top food exporters in the world?  It seems to me that the numbers do not quite add up.

With the potential fiscal cliff looming and multiple sources predicting an impending financial crisis, what will happen if the food supply gets disrupted?  How much food do most grocery stores have on hand?  How about the average household?  These are all interesting thoughts to consider, as it looks unlikely that this situation is sustainable without the potential of some sort of catastrophic event.

It is especially interesting to consider, as urban masses tend to rail against the concept of factory farms.  While we (Heritage Breeds Farm) believe that food is better produced on a small scale in natural manners, it is an interesting conundrum.  We look at the content and quality of the food, but at some point quantity may have to surpass quality in order to keep pace.  That quantity will likely need to be produced more and more by larger and larger farms in order for the supply to meet the demand.

I guess this posting materialized into basically a series of questions.  I am not certain at what level the acreage of this great nation will need to produce food in order to feed these larger and larger concentrations of our people.  I am also not certain that the workers are in place to sustain the production as a whole, which points to more and more mechanization of farming.  This further lends itself to larger and larger farming conglomerates.

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